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- ********************************************
- * Ras GTPase-activating proteins signature *
- ********************************************
-
- Ras proteins are membrane-associated molecular switches that bind GTP and GDP
- and slowly hydrolyze GTP to GDP [1]. This intrinsic GTPase activity of ras is
- stimulated by a family of proteins collectively known as 'GAP' or GTPase-
- activating proteins [2]. As it is the GTP bound form of ras which is active,
- these proteins are said to be down-regulators of ras. Proteins known to
- possess such activity are listed below:
-
- - Mammalian GAP. GAP can down-regulate wild-type ras, but fails to do so with
- oncogenic, mutated ras.
- - IRA1 and IRA2, the functional equivalents of GAP in yeast. They regulate
- the RAS-cyclic AMP pathway, controlling cell growth.
- - sar1, the fission yeast protein that regulates ras1 in that organism.
- - BUD2, a yeast protein that activates BUD1/RSR1 and which participates in
- the regulation of bud-site selection [3].
- - Human neurofibromin (gene NF1) [4]. NF1 is associated with type 1
- neurofibromatosis, one of the most frequently inherited genetic diseases
- characterized, in part, by multiple neural tumors. NF1 has been shown
- genetically and biochemically to interact with and stimulate the GTPase
- activity of h-ras.
- - Drosophila Gap1 [5], which acts as a negative regulator of signalling by
- the Sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase involved in eye development.
-
- All the above proteins are quite large (from 765 residues for sar1 to 3079
- residues for IRA2) but share only a limited (about 250 residues) region of
- sequence similarity, referred to as the 'catalytic domain'. The most conserved
- region within this domain contains a 12 residue motif which seems to be
- characteristic of this family of proteins [2].
-
- -Consensus pattern: F-L-R-x(3)-P-[AV]-x(3)-P
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Note: there are distinctly different GAPs for the rap and rho/rac subfamilies
- of ras-like proteins (reviewed in reference [6]) that do not share sequence
- similarity with ras GAPs.
-
- -Expert(s) to contact by email: Boguski M.S.
- boguski@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Bourne H.R., Sanders D.A., McCormick F.
- Nature 349:117-127(1991).
- [ 2] Wang Y., Boguski M.S., Riggs M., Rodgers L., Wigler M.
- Cell Regul. 2:453-465(1991).
- [ 3] Park H.O., Chant J., Herskowitz I.
- Nature 365:269-274(1993).
- [ 4] Downward J.
- Curr. Biol. 1:353-355(1991).
- [ 5] Gaul U., Mardon G., Rubin G.M.
- Cell 68:1007-1019(1992).
- [ 6] Boguski M.S., McCormick F.
- Nature 366:643-654(1993).
-